Brief communications - September 2021

Prostate cancer is the second most common and the fifth leading cause of death by cancer in men worldwide. The most diagnosed type of prostate cancer is adenocarcinoma. ETS-like protein 1 (Elk-1) is a member of the ETS-domain transcription factor family. Elk-1 signaling pathways support growth and progression of tumour cells....

Known for their poor outcomes, triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) have been investigated for immune checkpoint inhibitors that target Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1). In the recent decade, tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have also become potential biomarkers. The aim of the study was to determine the reproducibility of PD-L1 scoring system and TILs interpretation in the local setting through intra- and interobserver agreement....

Primary lymphoma of bone (PLB) is an extranodal lymphoma that arises in osseous sites with no evidence of disease elsewhere for at least 6 months. They account for 3% of malignant bone tumours and 1% of all lymphomas. Secondary involvement of bone by lymphoma. This study analysed the clinicopathological features and outcomes of a series of PLB....

Ganglioneuroma is a rare (one per million population), differentiated, benign neurogenic tumour which originates from the neuroepithelium along the sympathetic ganglia. Most ganglioneuromas are thought to develop de novo rather than by maturation of a preexisting neuroblastoma, and are usually found in the posterior mediastinum and retroperitoneum....

The incidence of placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) has inclined with the increasing of cesarean deliveries (CD). It is divided into 3 groups based on the invasion of the chorionic villi into the myometrium (accreta, increta and percreta). The aim was to determine the correlation between clinicopathology and the depth of chorionic villi invasion of PAS....

Plasmacytoma is a rare B-lymphocyte neoplastic disorder that usually presents as the generalised disease multiple myeloma. Less than 5% of the cases present as a solitary mass of monoclonal plasma cells in the bone or soft tissue. Although solitary extramedullary plasmocytoma (EMP) may arise in any organ. However, it rarely affects bladder....

An inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour (IMT) rarely occurs in the urinary bladder. IMT is a distinctive neoplasm composed of myofibroblastic and fibroblastic spindle cells. It also has inflammatory infiltration of plasma cells, lymphocytes and eosinophils. It is important to distinguish this tumour from other malignant spindle cell tumours....

Phyllodes tumour of the breast is one of the fibroepithelial neoplasms that shows proliferation of both epithelial and mesenchymal component. In malignant condition, the diagnosis can be established by the existence of malignant heterologous component even if common features are absence....

The role of plasmatherapy in the management of the current COVID-19 pandemic has been speculated. However, in view of the varied response regarding its effectiveness from various multicentre studies, there is a need to conduct more single-centre population-specific studies....

Sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma is rare malignant tumour arising in sinonasal region. On Histopathological examination, this tumour is characterised by the combination of benign and malignant components of epithelial, mesenchymal and teratoid elements. Sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma is more common in male, tends to locally damage with high recurrence rate....

Endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) is a minimally invasive and reliable non‑surgical technique for diagnosis of gastrointestinal lesions. The present study aimed at evaluating the spectrum of lesions encountered in the gastric subepithelium on EUS-FNA at a tertiary care centre....

Congenital mesoblastic nephroma (CMN) is a rare, accounting for 3 – 10% of paediatric renal tumours. It is the most common renal tumour of newborns and usually discovered before 6 months of age. The diagnosis in children over the age of 2 is a rare case. CMN is divided into classical, cellular and mixed type that associated with an excellent prognosis. ...

BRAF (V600E) is a common event in papillary thyroid carcinoma, especially in the Asian population. However, it still remains whether or not it is a valuable surrogate marker for predicting the prognosis of a high incidence population. Moreover, papillary thyroid carcinoma is diagnosed earlier than in the past....

Lymphoma of soft tissue usually manifests as swollen painful mass. The main site involved are thigh, trunk and lower limbs. The mechanism of lymphomatous involvement in soft tissue can be direct invasion from adjacent lymph nodes, metastatic spread and primary even though very rare....

Malignant triton tumour (MTT) is a rare neoplasm, approximately 170 cases have been reported. Diagnosis of this tumour requires attention to the clinical, histopathological, immunohistochemical and prognosis features of this neoplasm....

Haematoxylin and eosin (HE) morphology of lymphomas and undifferentiated carcinomas are challenging to be distinguished. Ancillary phenotype examinations by immunohistochemistry (IHC) are commonly used however not readily available. Granulometry is mathematical approach to extract objects size distribution from digital image. The aim was to predicts lesion based on HE nuclear granulometry....

Adenoid basal carcinoma (ABC) is an uncommon malignancy of the uterine cervix. Most of patients are elderly, asymptomatic, with abnormal cytology in annual Pap smear test. ABC could be associated with squamous dysplasia or another invasive carcinoma....

Clear cell adenocarcinoma of bladder is rare with only few cases showing Müllerianosis, its presumed aetiology. We describe such a case, suspected at biopsy and showing endometriosis....

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a malignant neoplasm of adrenal cortex with annual incidence of 0.6 – 1.67 cases per million population per year....

Primary cervical sarcomas are extremely rare, representing < 1% of all cervical malignancies. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours (MPNST) are rarer with only 17 reported cases. Here we report a 20-year-old female with endocervical MPNST, being the youngest in the literature....

Solitary fibrous tumour (SFT) is an uncommon myofibroblastic tumour generally affecting the pleura. Differential diagnosis includes poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma and various mesenchymal neoplasm of prostate....

Primary malignant melanoma of the lung (PMML) is rare, with limited published reports. This case report discussed the diagnosis and management of a PMML occurring in a young patient and reviewed existing literature....

Mutations and fusions of the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) gene family occur in various cancer types. Recently erdafitinib has been approved by the FDA for the treatment of FGFR3-altered urothelial cancer. We performed an integrated analysis of the TCGA-pancancer atlas including 32 cancer types (n = 10,953) to reveal the novel alteration of FGFR3....

Paediatric gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) is an extremely rare with limited relevant data. Until now, the clinical presentation and outcome have not yet been thoroughly understood....

Histiocyte-rich pseudotumour (HPRT) developing post-chemoradiation therapy is a rare benign reaction. Although benign, it can clinically and radiologically mimic residual tumours or recurrent/relapsed disease, causing challenges in management....

Pigmented epithelioid angiomyolipoma is a rare variant of epithelioid Angiomyolipoma (EAML), a part of the family of the perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasms (PEComas) with malignant potential. We reported one case of EAML occurring in the paediatric age group....

Several lines of evidence have been focused on the roles of tryptophan metabolism genes like indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO2) in bladder cancer progression. However, the alternative way of targeting in cancer immunotherapy has been not yet investigated in bladder cancer....

Intracranial hemangiopericytoma (HPC) is a rare non-meningothelial mesenchymal tumour which derives from malignant transformation of pericytes. It has been accounting for 0.4% of all intracranial tumours. Primary HPC in the pineal region has been rarely reported. Here we report a rare case of the pineal HPC....

Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma (SPTCL) is a rare entity of mature αβ cytotoxic T-cells commonly found in young adults. We reported two cases of SPTCL occurring in the paediatric age group....

Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) constitutes less than of all sarcomas in adults. UPS dissemination usually occurs haematogenously, lungs are the primary organs for metastasis. We herein present a patient with UPS of the breast with lung metastases after 12 years. Cytological diagnosis mass in the lung is extremely challenging because it is mimicking primary adenocarcinoma of the lung....

Transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) is offered for men with lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Our objective was to audit the quality of reporting TURP specimens handled by a tertiary-care centre in Sri Lanka....

Transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) is the primary surgical treatment modality for lower urinary tract obstructions due to prostatomegaly. The objective was to describe the clinical and histopathological features of TURP specimens handled by a tertiary-care centre in Sri Lanka....

Maternal floor infarction (MFI) and massive perivillous fibrin deposition (MPFD) are placental disorders of unknown aetiology, associated with adverse obstetric outcome. Its morphology is characterised by marked increase in perivillous fibrinoid deposition in the intervillous space. The distribution of such fibrinoid deposition in MFI and MPFD often overlaps, suggesting both conditions represented the final common pathway for a number of different insults....

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is the excessive activation of the coagulation pathway with thrombus formation, progressing to a consumptive coagulopathy with an imbalance between the fibrinolytic and antifibrinolytic systems, resulting in uncontrolled haemorrhage. Sepsis is the most common condition associated with DIC, usually manifesting as diffuse bleeding, commonly involving the gastrointestinal tract. However, intraluminal intestinal haematoma leading to obstruction is rare, and such patients usually improve with management. We report what we believe is the first case of a fatal intraluminal intestinal hematoma in an infant with DIC....

The International Classification of Diseases for Perinatal Mortality (ICD-PM) coding was introduced in 2016, as a global system for reporting causes of perinatal death. The aim of this study was to classify stillbirths by the ICD-PM, comparing input from clinical data, placental pathology and autopsy results....

Tumours primarily arising from the appendix are not common, comprising only 0.9% - 1.4% of all documented appendectomies. Among all appendiceal neoplasms, majority of cases are of well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumours. Appendiceal leiomyosarcomas are rare with only a few cases reported. Thus, diagnosis and management of this tumour is based on the behaviour of leiomyosarcoma of the colon....

Malignant transformation (MT) arising from the mature cystic teratoma (MCT) is a rare occurrence, comprising about 1% – 3% in all documented MCTs. Majority of MT cases are squamous cell carcinoma, followed by adenocarcinoma, then neuroendocrine neoplasm. Bilateral ovarian MCT with both MTs of different types is extremely rare. This is the first documented case in the Philippines....

Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) was an uncommon variant of extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Contrast-enhanced MRI imaging was the method of choice for detecting PCNSL. The purpose was to describe the MRI and pathologic features of PCNSL and to determine whether there was a correlation between it....